By: Patricia Faraz, M.D., obstetrician, MemorialCare Medical Group – Rancho Mission Viejo
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common, yet often misunderstood, endocrine disorder that affects an estimated 139 million to 1.05 billion individuals of reproductive age worldwide. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and polycystic ovaries, which are enlarged ovaries containing numerous small cysts. Understanding how to cope, making lifestyle changes, knowing its symptoms, and its impact on fertility are crucial steps for women to manage this condition effectively.
PCOS symptoms typically begin during adolescence or early adulthood, though it can start as early as puberty. Symptoms can vary, but the common signs include irregular periods, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, difficulty losing weight, and an increased risk of developing other health conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They may also experience thinning hair on the scalp and darkening of the skin in certain areas.
Diagnosing PCOS typically involves a clinical evaluation, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries. There is no cure for PCOS, and living with the condition can be challenging, but several strategies and treatment plans can improve symptoms. One of the most important steps is to work closely with a health care provider to develop a personalized treatment plan. This plan may include lifestyle modifications, medication, and regular monitoring of symptoms.
Lifestyle changes I recommend to patients include:
- A balanced diet, which is crucial for managing PCOS. A diet rich in whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity. Healthy fats like avocados, nuts and olive oil can support hormonal balance. Avoid processed foods and sugary snacks, as these can cause spikes in blood sugar and exacerbate insulin resistance.
- Regular physical activity can improve insulin sensitivity and help with weight management. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Strength training exercises, such as lifting weights or using resistance bands, can also build muscle, boost metabolism, and enhance body composition.
- Stress can exacerbate PCOS symptoms. Techniques such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress. It is also important to prioritize self-care and ensure adequate sleep.
- For managing PCOS, various medications and supplements can be beneficial in alleviating symptoms and addressing underlying issues. Metformin, commonly used for type 2 diabetes, is often prescribed to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles. Oral contraceptives can help manage hormonal imbalances, reducing symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and excess hair growth. Anti-androgens such as spironolactone may also be used to address elevated male hormone levels.
- Certain supplements can support overall health in women with PCOS. Inositol, particularly myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and ovarian function. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, may help reduce inflammation and support cardiovascular health. Vitamin D and magnesium are also commonly recommended, as deficiencies in these nutrients are prevalent among women with PCOS. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any medication or supplement regimen to ensure it is appropriate for your individual needs.
PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility in women due to hormonal imbalances that interfere with ovulation. However, many women with PCOS can still achieve pregnancy with the right treatment.
PCOS is a complex condition that requires a multifaceted approach to management. By understanding the condition, making informed lifestyle changes, and working closely with healthcare providers, women with PCOS can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
At MemorialCare Medical Group Rancho Mission Viejo, I am committed to providing comprehensive care for your entire family. Our dedicated team of providers offers a wide range of services to meet your needs including family medicine, laboratory draw stations, pediatric care and OB/GYN. Patients can call to schedule an a (877) 696-3622 or visit memorialcare.org/locations/rmv.
