This summer was the hottest ever in the Northern Hemisphere, putting the Earth on track for another record-breaking year.
The European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service reported that for June to August, global temperatures were 0.69°C above historical averages, beating the previous high set last year. The record for the world’s highest average temperature was broken on a number of days over the summer.
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves, triggering extreme weather events from droughts and wildfires to violent storms and flooding. Over the past 12 months, the global average temperature was 1.64°C higher than pre-industrial levels, above the 1.5°C threshold that policymakers and scientists say threatens life on the planet.
Read More: Human Adaptation to Heat Can’t Keep Up With Human-Caused Climate Change
In Europe, the heat over the June to August period was 1.54°C above the 1991-2020 average, according to Copernicus. The most extreme conditions were recorded in the Mediterranean region and Eastern Europe, while the U.K., Iceland, parts of Ireland, the west coast of Portugal and southern Norway were cooler than the norm.
Across the world, soaring temperatures are testing the limits of the human body, posing threats and even causing deaths at outdoor activities such as concerts, sports events, and religious gatherings. More than 1,300 people died during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia in June after temperatures reached 52°C (126°F). There were heat-related fatalities in nations including the U.S., Thailand, India, and Mexico this year.
China’s weather authority said the nation had its hottest summer since records began in 1961, with heat scorching crops from rice to corn. U.S. cities also experienced historically high temperatures, and New York canceled commuter trains as rails overheated. And parts of the Southern Hemisphere just had a very mild winter, with Australia experiencing the hottest August since data started in 1910 and looking forward to a warmer-than-average spring.
This summer the effects of a strong El Niño weather pattern, which causes warming in the Pacific Ocean, started giving way to the La Niña phenomenon. This shift usually means less extreme heat, but it can also bring droughts in some areas and produces flooding and hurricanes elsewhere.
